In the individual criteria, Trump was ranked last in both Moral Authority and Administrative Skills, whereas Public Persuasion was the only area where he did not feature in the bottom quartile. The most recent president, Donald Trump, made his first appearance at number 41 on the list, out of a total of 44 entries (Grover Cleveland is generally viewed as the 22 nd and 24 th president, but has been included once here). Grant moving up from 33 rd to 20 th over the same period, as perceptions of past presidents' performances are revised over time. There has also been deviation over time, such as Woodrow Wilson falling from sixth place overall in 2000, to 13 th place in 2021, or Ulysses S. Despite this, there was some deviation Lyndon Johnson was ranked second in the category Pursued Equal Justice For All, but 39 th in International Relations. Generally, there was a strong correlation across the board in each area, for example, Lincoln ranked among the top four in each individual area, while Buchanan was in the bottom three of each.
Scores in each area were then converted to an average value out of 100, and combined to give a total score out of 1,000. The bottom three presidents also remained unchanged from previous surveys, and were Abraham Lincoln's two predecessors and successor, ranked so low due to their perceived failures before and after the American Civil War.Ī total of 142 experts took part in this survey, and were asked to rank each president on a scale of one (not effective) to ten (very effective) across ten different qualities. Compared to the previous survey, the top nine presidents have remained in the same positions, while Barack Obama moved up from 12 th place in 2017 to round out the top 10 in 2021. This is the fourth survey of its kind the first was conducted in 2000, during Bill Clinton's final year in office, while the subsequent three surveys were held in the years after each respective president left office. In the 2021 C-SPAN Survey of Presidential Leadership, Abraham Lincoln was chosen as the country's top ranked president for the fourth time in a row.
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